Maximizing the freeze-dried extract yield by considering the solvent retention index: Extraction kinetics and characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts

A complete chemical characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves was carried out showing a high content extractives. Extraction kinetics bioactive compounds present in this fraction were performed by conventional and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). 50% (v/v) hydroalcoholic mixture led to the highest total phenolic yield solvent extraction, 29.5 ± 0.3 mg per gram moringa leaves. UAE did not bring any improvement when using mixtures probably due physical properties ethanol aqueous that affect performance, such as viscosity vapor pressure mixture. The retention index different solvents raffinate phase determined revealing for water, 9.5, continuous decrease increasing concentration. Retention is key parameter process since it determines number stages an industrial separation usually reported extraction. Solvent capacity final freeze-dried extract yield.